Opinion
Opinion By: Andy Beshear,Attorney General;James M. Herrick,Assistant Attorney General
Open Records Decision
The question presented in this appeal is whether the Kentucky State Reformatory ("KSR") violated the Open Records Act in its disposition of inmate Marvin Pennington's November 12, 2015, request for a copy of his "Case Note Page" and "Internal Movement Page" from September 2011 to the present. For the reasons that follow, we find no substantive violation of the Act.
In a November 16, 2015, disposition by Offender Information Specialist Tara Aldridge, KSR provided the internal movement records but denied the case notes "Per: KRS 61.878(1)(i,j): Preliminary drafts, pending transfers, notes pre classification work sheets, victim impact statements, letters written by people or prosecutors, pre-parole progress reports, i.e. notes made by staff which are not intended to give notice of final action of a public agency or preliminary recommendations and preliminary memoranda in which opinions are expressed or polic[i]es are formulated or recommended, are exempt from inspection. " Mr. Pennington's appeal was received by this office on November 30, 2015, alleging that he had "received a copy of the 'Case Note' page in the past."
On December 18, 2015, Amy V. Barker, Assistant General Counsel, Justice and Public Safety Cabinet, responded to Mr. Pennington's appeal. She argues that the appeal is untimely under KRS 197.025(3) because Mr. Pennington made a previous request for the case notes on October 8, 2015, and did not appeal within the statutory 20 days from the disposition that occurred on October 19, 2015. We accept this argument as far as it goes, but there remain three additional case notes that did not exist on October 8 and therefore were not within the scope of Mr. Pennington's prior request. Thus, we find the present appeal was timely taken as to the case notes made on October 20, November 12, and November 16, 2015.
KRS 61.878(1)(i) and (j) exempt from inspection, respectively, the following types of records:
Preliminary drafts, notes , correspondence with private individuals other than correspondence which is intended to give notice of final action of a public agency.
Preliminary recommendations, and preliminary memoranda in which opinions are expressed or policies formulated or recommended.
(Emphasis added.) KSR cites the opinion of this office in 78-626, in which we stated:
Not every paper in the office of a public agency is a public record subject to public inspection. Many papers are simply work papers which are exempted because they are preliminary drafts and notes. . . . Yellow pads can be filled with outlines, notes, drafts, and doodlings which are unceremoniously thrown in the wastebasket or which may in certain cases be kept in a desk drawer for future reference. Such preliminary drafts and notes and preliminary memoranda are part of the tools which a public employee or officer uses in hammering out official action within the function of his office. They are expressly exempted by the Open Records Law and may be destroyed or kept at will and are not subject to public inspection.
It is also true, however, that if notes are adopted as part of a final agency action, "clearly the preliminary characterization is lost to that extent."
City of Louisville v. Courier-Journal and Louisville Times Company, 637 S.W.2d 658, 659 (Ky. App. 1982). See also
Kentucky State Board of Medical Licensure v. Courier-Journal and Louisville Times Company, 663 S.W.2d 953, 956-57 (Ky. App. 1983) ("once such notes or recommendations are adopted by the Board as part of its action, the preliminary characterization is lost, as is the exempt status" ; "those documents defined in Subsections [(i)] and [(j)] which become a part of the records adopted by the Board as the basis of its final action, become releasable as public records"). 1 In
University of Kentucky v. Courier-Journal & Louisville Times Co., 830 S.W.2d 373, 378 (Ky. 1992), the Supreme Court of Kentucky agreed with the reasoning of the Court of Appeals in City of Louisville and its progeny, holding that "materials that were once preliminary in nature lose their exempt status once they are adopted by the agency as part of its action."
A record is adopted as the basis of final action insofar as the final action "necessarily stem [s] from" that document. Id. at 660. Therefore, the issue is whether any final agency action necessarily stems from the case notes. See 10-ORD-034. KSR has provided affidavits regarding the function and use of the case notes in question. Two of the notes refer to the issuance of responses to open records requests; Offender Information Specialist Tara B. Aldridge attests that those notes are made solely as memory aids, since "the scanned request and response are the actual records maintained by KSR to document a response to the open records request." The third note refers to a money transfer authorization; Deputy Warden of Programs Anna L. Valentine avers that such a note is generated by a case worker when the inmate sends the authorization to the inmate account office: "The case note is not the actual record for the authorization, but is simply a memory aide [ sic ] or short cut type of note . . . . The actual authorization reflects the money to be transferred, which is accomplished by an accounting entry in [the Kentucky Offender Management System] by inmate account staff who handle the authorization. "
From these affidavits, it does not appear that these types of case notes form the basis for final agency action, but merely serve to aid employees' memories. Accordingly, we conclude that the notes retain their exempt status under KRS 61.878(1)(i) or (j). Thus, we find no substantive violation of the Open Records Act.
We do find, however, that KSR's initial denial of the case notes was procedurally deficient under KRS 61.880(1), which requires such a denial to include "a brief explanation of how the exception applies to the record withheld. " In this case, KSR's response did not even expressly identify the case notes as being the records that were withheld; thus, its response cannot be said to have explained the exception's application to the records. See
Edmondson v. Alig, 926 S.W.2d 856, 858 (Ky. App. 1996) (KRS 61.880(1) "requires the custodian of records to provide particular and detailed information in response to a request for documents" and is not satisfied by a "limited and perfunctory response"). Therefore, KSR committed a procedural violation of the Act.
A party aggrieved by this decision may appeal it by initiating action in the appropriate circuit court pursuant to KRS 61.880(5) and KRS 61.882. Pursuant to KRS 61.880(3), the Attorney General should be notified of any action in circuit court, but should not be named as a party in that action or in any subsequent proceedings.
Footnotes
Footnotes
1 KSR argues that the Court of Appeals in the cited cases did not "accurately consider and apply the rules of statutory construction" when it specifically ruled that notes could lose their exempt status if adopted as the basis of final agency action. While that argument might have some merit on its own, this office is not at liberty to depart from published decisions of the Court of Appeals or Supreme Court of Kentucky.